How AI / ML Networks Differ from Traditional Networks

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are driving big changes in data center networks — including new requirements, traffic patterns, and technologies. Discover how Keysight solutions help optimize AI networks.

The Essential Signal Generator Guide Building a Solid Foundation in RF – Part 1

Choosing the right signal generator is essential for obtaining trustworthy test results and accelerating time-to-market. This paper covers the basic functionalities, types, and key specifications of signal generators in detail. Signal generators are crucial in eliminating uncertainties in test results for engineers working on consumer electronics, wireless communications, or radar devices. They provide precise and stable test signals necessary for characterizing devices, even in bandwidth-limited and interference-heavy environments. By allowing engineers to apply impairments, signal generators help test designs within and beyond their limits, ensuring reliability and robustness. RF signal generators, including analog and vector types, create necessary waveforms for testing RF applications. Engineers use them to generate repeated or non-repeated waveforms for designing, testing, and manufacturing systems and components. Signal generators simulate real-world signals, enabling comprehensive evaluation of electronic systems’ performance and behavior.

PCI Express ® Test Overview

Introduction to PCIe 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 test challenges and Keysight’s complete and scalable PCIe test solutions from simulation to protocol.

Everything You Need to Know About Wi-Fi 7

The IEEE 802.11be standard introduces several new features for improving WLAN efficiency, capacity, and coverage. Features such as multi-link operation (MLO) and multiple resource units (multi-RUs) increase the number of configurations and test scenarios to validate a device thoroughly. In addition to physical-layer testing, test engineers must emulate signaling to verify interactions between access points (APs) and stations (STAs) and the performance of Wi-Fi 7 new features under real-world conditions. Read the white paper to explore the key features and testing challenges of Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11 be) and learn how to conduct Wi-Fi 7 RF testing with signaling and throughput testing.

AI and Software Testing — Building Systems You Can Trust

In this white paper, explore the complexity of artificial intelligence (AI) and software testing. Get insights on AI trustworthiness, bias, and more.

Instrument Automation with Python

This paper explains the fundamentals of remote instrument control, including the VISA and SCPI standards, and walks through a Python script that automates a simple trace capture on an oscilloscope.

Exploring the 6G Spectrum Landscape

New spectrum is key to delivering more services and data rates to users. This white paper will look at three 6G frequency candidates: 7-24GHz, 90-300GHz, and optimization of the spectrum below 7GHz.

The Essential Signal Generator Guide Building a solid foundation in RF — Part 2

Navigating the numerous specifications and features of signal generators can be challenging. This white paper series helps by explaining various modulation schemes, the importance of spectral purity, and the impact of distortion. Additionally, it explores how application software can enhance productivity. Signal generators are essential for meeting customer requirements for robust and reliable high-speed wireless connections, which are crucial for business success. To address market demands, selecting the right signal generator is vital. Complex modulation schemes, necessary for increasing spectral efficiency and achieving higher data rates, rely on accurate and stable signal generators. Signal generators can be either digital (vector) or analog. Vector signal generators produce complex, digitally modulated signals, while analog signal generators produce continuous wave signals with basic modulation. The choice depends on the specific application and testing requirements. Generating an RF signal requires a metrology-grade signal generator with excellent distortion and spurious characteristics to ensure high spectral purity. The frequency accuracy of a signal generator depends on the stability of the reference oscillator and the time since the last calibration. Overall, signal generators are indispensable for evaluating applications that rely on radio frequencies, such as GNSS, 5G, avionics, and radar, ensuring reliable and efficient performance.

Accelerate your Digital Transformation with ADS Python Automation

Keysight ADS Python APIs transform modern RF and high-speed designs and unlock a new generation of personal productivity, enterprise workflows, and AI/ML exploration.

Electronic Load Fundamentals | Keysight

Download this white paper to understand the fundamentals of an electronic load and how to select an electronic load that best fits your test requirements.

信号完整性基础知识

学习关于从仿真到测量的信号完整性基础知识，可以帮助您设计出成本更低、可靠性更高的高速数字设备。

Journey of a Signal

Let’s learn about everything your signal encounters along this journey to understand how an oscilloscope probe works. Learn more!

Eliminate Measurement Errors and Achieve the Greatest Accuracy Using a DMM

Advanced Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for Battery Testing

In this paper the electrical characterization of cells using calibrated and accurate electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a wide frequency range with micro-Ohm resolution is presented. The obtained EIS data is interpreted by electrochemical circuitry modeling. The EIS results are put into perspective of materials science and electrochemical lab methods.

Spectrum Analyzer Basics

Learn about the basic signal analyzer and how today’s digital technology and digital signal processing have advanced spectrum analyzers providing many more capabilities.

Advantages System - Level Design Delivers for Phased - Array Development

Phased Array Antenna Innovations for Satellite Communications.

Signal Integrity Measurement Analysis

Learn how to address signal integrity problems early, to ensure optical circuit design and development that works reliably at a reasonable cost.

Understanding Noise and Sensitivity in Spectrum Analyzers

Understand your analyzer’s sensitivity capability to determine if it will adequately measure your low-level signals.

Solving EW Challenges in the Lab Enables Mission Success

Test EW system performance in a more realistic environment with ongoing improvements in EW environment simulator scalability, signal diversity, and density.

Jitter Analysis: The Dual-Dirac Model, RJ/DJ, and Q-scale

The dual-Dirac model is a tool for quickly estimating total jitter defined at a low bit error ratio, TJ(BER). The total jitter of a system is then estimated from RJ and DJ(δδ).