Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Hair and Fibers

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Most people who have some of both hair types perceive definite differences between pigmented and unpigmented (grey) hair. The vocabulary of common expression leads one to believe that the perceived differences are effectively mechanical: grey hair is said to be “stiffer,” more “wiry,” and generally more unruly. In this work, we demonstrate the experimental advantages offered by the combination of two nano-scale analytic tools from Keysight Technologies, Inc. The 8500 FE-SEM (Field-Emission Scanning-Electron Microscope) was used to make highly resolved diameter measurements, and the T150 Tensile Tester was used to do the mechanical testing.

Uncertainty analysis reveals that diameter is the most critical measurement in the determination of the Young’s modulus of a fine fiber such as hair, both because the diameter is small and because the quantity is squared in the calculation of cross-sectional area. Thus, using the 8500 FE-SEM to measure diameter with a resolution of nanometers dramatically reduces the uncertainty of the resulting Young’s modulus. (Most published studies on hair report using micrometers to measure hair diameter.) Furthermore, the 8500 FE-SEM is easy to use; the time for each diameter measurement was about 2 minutes.

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