Mapping the Cement Material Properties Using CSM Testing and Nanoindentation

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Cement-based composites still represent the most used materials in the construction industry, due to their low production and processing costs.

Nonetheless, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the microstructure build-up and the inservice mechanical behaviour are still mostly unknown, due to the extreme complexity of such materials [1].

Cement-based composites have been already identiied as nano-granular multi-scaled materials, with a strong heterogeneity that manifests itself at multiple scales, in form of multiple pore spaces and multiple minerals that buildup the solid phase.

Such complexity is further increased by the recent growing use of nano-additives in cements [2], which often involves the formation of nano-phases that are not fully characterised, yet.

The primary hydration product of cement pastes and concrete is the calcium–silicate–hydrate (CSH), which act as the main binding phase and mostly inluences the mechanical and creep properties of the system [1].

Recent studies [3–5] have also conirmed the presence of different solid phases in a cement-based composite: (a) mortar-concrete (>10-3m), (b) cement paste (<10-4m), (c) C-S-H matrix (<10-6m) and (d) CSH solid phase (10-9-10-10m).

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