应用文章
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. These cylindrical carbon molecules have unusual properties which are valuable for electronics, optics and other ields of materials science. In particular, owing to their extraordinary thermal conductivity and mechanical and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes may ind applications as additives to various materials.
Carbon nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family, which also includes the spherical Buckyballs, and the ends of a nanotube may be capped with a hemisphere of the Buckyball structure. Their name is derived from their hollow, tube-like, structure with the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of hexagonal carbon, called graphene. Conceptually, these sheets are “rolled” at speciic, discrete chiral angles. The combination of the rolling angle and tube radius dictates the nanotube properties; for example, whether the individual nanotube behaves as a metal or semiconductor. The chemical bonding in nanotubes is composed almost entirely of sp2 bonds, similar to those in graphite. These bonds, which are stronger than the sp3 bonds found in alkanes, provide nanotubes with their unique strength and electrical properties. Nanotubes are categorized as singlewalled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). Individual nanotubes naturally align themselves into rope-like strands held together by van der Waals forces.
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